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To conclude, the Reconstruction was almost a complete failure. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb 2. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. Congressional Reconstruction. Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? Please wait while the activity loads. `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). Who were the Exodusters? He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. These groups will take on the role of special investigative committees reporting to a Congressional committee examining the effects of Reconstruction. It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. Johnson versus Congress. #o`9} }#9BNDo9L(]xA g|XW.o&pI.78DBjV]^;. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` Over the next two years, partially due to the help of newly enfranchised African American male voters, all ten states complied with the Reconstruction Acts mandates. one of the closest races in American history. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Andrew Johnson. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. still conservative Republicans. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. To reinstate slavery in parts of the United States, To fix damage done to buildings during the war, To rebuild the southern economy and society. Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. This was all Congress needed to begin impeachment proceedings. Was corruption now any less? e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W answer choices The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. 0 Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. In this If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d What happened to black It was approved by both houses in June 1866. At the end of the day, what did it mean to be an American, and whose rights were deserving of the full protection of the U.S. government? Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. The next century would see African Americans continuing to fight for the legal rights they had been granted and were rightfully entitled to. Sharecropping. the South divided into 5 military districts, What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? WebWhat is Reconstruction? 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. Select all that apply. Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. WebReconstruction refers to the period 1) the period before the Civil War 2) the period after the Civil War 3) the era of civil rights movement 4) the era after the Revolutionary War 2. the Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream bookmarked pages associated with this title. Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves. "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. %PDF-1.5 % In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. Which plan was the hardest on the South? The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. Think about the italicized questions Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. WebThe Reconstruction period lasted from 1865 to 1877. How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change Southern politics? Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. WebWhat is Reconstruction? WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? 2. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. Explain your choice. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? It abolished slavery in the United States. While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. Yes, a few. A large number of Republican lawmakers regained seats in Southern state governments, but chose to abandon Reconstruction reforms. It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been recalled from the South. Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? many became sharecroppers. The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Who was the Republican leader in the House? No. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service. The speeches backfired. 132 0 obj <>stream TQSCQIf@*$ hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., It was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. What was the congressional response? The states could enter the Union if they promised they would ratify the Fourteenth Amendment within five years. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Much of the legislation enacted in the name of racial equality was to be undone in the coming years by rulings coming from the Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson, The Civil Rights Cases, etc.) Expert Help. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? for freed slaves. To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. and any corresponding bookmarks? WebIdentify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. While much progress could be seen in things like the exponential growth of railroads, even an optimistic reading of these barometers had to be tempered by an acknowledgement that doubling track mileage does not amount to much when the starting point was so low. Removing #book# Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. Given sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. 2 Third step is about monitoring of collections 3 Involves the evaluation of. What was the Freedmen's Bureau? WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed.