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trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. 0000008088 00000 n Cross), Give Me Liberty! This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. distance from transducer to the focal point. Expert Answer. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. P wave. Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. HTAn Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream American Geosciences Institute. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. HTn0MmcHCB from the epicenter will be 14 8. 1. Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. Many updates and improvements! Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. Click on New Document and select the file importing option: upload Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key from your device, the cloud, or a protected link. Finding the Epicenter. aqmd. Also called seismometer. Therefore, the lag In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. The Earthquakes Living Lab gives students the chance to track earthquakes across the planet and examine where, why and how they are occurring. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 9 - The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. The travel-time graph Thanks for your feedback! Add to FlexBook Textbook. The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to (Grades 9 - 12). between arrival of P and S waves is called Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." 0000098546 00000 n 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 0000006538 00000 n Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . 0000000956 00000 n Upload a document. Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. 0000006984 00000 n Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day. Epicenter. !5(~q* Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. Also commonly termed the focus. Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. What did it feel like? Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. 0000078100 00000 n Key Facts & Information. Triangulation to Locate an Earthquake By Earthquake Hazards Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Triangulation can be used to locate an earthquake. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video - shake, shake, shake. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. d>(ZvO= 0000007783 00000 n In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. Then do the same for the S-wave. Use this information to complete the following. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. How does the lag time change as you get farther and Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. 0000003991 00000 n Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. follow our easy steps to get your lab activity locating epicenters answer key well prepared rapidly choose the template in the library enter all necessary information in the required llable areas the 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. How does the Mad Scientist. 0000001604 00000 n Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. Last modified July 18, 2012. What about P waves? (Grades Seismic Waves. Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . 0000006011 00000 n This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . 0000004457 00000 n A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Reading Strategy. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. 2. This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. inch = 500 km. Thanks for your feedback! Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. 0000003254 00000 n Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/docs/020204mag_policy.php. How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? endstream endobj startxref What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? 3. Travel-time graphDistance in Miles, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, seismogram. hWmo9+[+UH EkNB|6YiaVJ=cRh7{T1R,5LI1$K=s)XR&87@&$LTPLutlcyNuzjf--\?qaXZM&HM.Eg"HnTqSWqN0&~2kf0 Md|d&:zhe)7I? During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. Section A - Operator Information 1. The time To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. (Figure 3):. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. 0000009174 00000 n atrial depolarization. ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. %PDF-1.4 % P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare 83 0 obj <> endobj Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. (Source: USGS). The farther a station is from the earthquake though). Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. minute apart, represent the passage of time Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. 0000001533 00000 n 0000002250 00000 n 0000004511 00000 n Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Focal Depth. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream surface wave?