Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birtheight integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021. The data cannot be shared publicly because the data contain potentially identifying or sensitive patient information and is legally restricted by Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Coinciding with Omicron variant predominance, COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults increased in late December 2021 and peaked in January 2022; rates increased more among Black adults relative to rates among adults of other racial and ethnic groups. Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection. Urban Health 83, 10411062 (2006). Recently another study reported that the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against infections and hospitalizations among pregnant people was higher during the Delta period than during the Omicron period21. The study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease grant # 1R01AI168373-01 to O.Z. T.R. 182, 825831 (2022). Members receive almost all their medical care at KPNC-owned facilities, including clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, and laboratories. Google Scholar. Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that hospitalization rates were much lower among those who were vaccinated even as Omicron was sweeping the nation. The cohort analyses may be biased toward the null if some infected infants were misclassified as uninfected due to the absence of a SARS-CoV-2 test result in the medical record. In King County, Wash., which includes Seattle, unvaccinated people were 13 times more likely to be hospitalized for coronavirus since December than people who were fully vaccinated. The code used to analyse the data is available on. As Omicron spread in the US, hospitalization rates in December were much lower for the vaccinated. However, infants aged <6 months are not currently eligible for any currently available COVID-19 vaccines and must rely on placentally acquired immunity from their mothers. Morb. Hospitalization of infants and children aged 0-4 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 states, March 2020-February 2022. Structural changes in the brain may explain the persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric complications tied to long COVID. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. [PDF] Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Case Incidence Rates Among 20, 15225 (2016). DeSilva, M. et al. Morb. Mortal. and B.F. P.R. The study did not adjust for maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy due to the inability of capturing home testing results. Open 5, e2232760 (2022). image, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04474-x, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04479-6, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.22269082, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2021-to-2022-season, Download .pdf (.95 Morb. Corresponding author: Christopher A. Taylor, iyq3@cdc.gov. https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1. . Method: This case-control study aims to determine the hospitalization risk associated with the inactivated BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer . Monthly incidence is based on SARS-CoV-2 positive test result date or, if not known, hospital admission date. Suggested citation for this article: Taylor CA, Whitaker M, Anglin O, et al. During the study period, the omicron variant experienced a rapidly increasing incidence, whereas the delta variant was experiencing a decreasing or less rapidly increasing incidence. Kharbanda, E. O. et al. They, as well as vaccinated people who are immunocompromised and at higher risk of severe COVID-19, are still vulnerable to being infected by a vaccinated person. Third, because immunocompromise status is not always known, it is not possible to distinguish between booster and additional doses; this could have influenced observed rates. Additional COVID-NET methods for determining vaccination status have been described previously. Finally, we conducted additional supplemental analyses to estimate VE among children whose mothers received at least one vaccine dose prior to pregnancy onset and at least one dose during pregnancy. Google Scholar. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.059 (2022). These trends could result in epidemic phase bias if infection severity is correlated with time from infection to test. Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 J. JAMA 326, 16291631 (2021). COVID-NET conducts population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19associated hospitalizations in 99 counties across 14 states. COVID-19associated hospitalizations are those occurring among residents of a predefined surveillance catchment area who have a positive real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or rapid antigen detection test result for SARS-CoV-2 during hospitalization or the 14 days preceding admission. Rep. 71, 429436 (2022). Nat Commun 14, 894 (2023). Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. When possible, CDC associates a persons primary vaccination series and booster dose with that person. Image, Download Hi-res Hospitalization Risk from Omicron 'Around a Third of Delta' - WebMD TN and NMF validated the data. Mortal. Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, USA, Ousseny Zerbo,G. Thomas Ray,Bruce Fireman,Evan Layefsky,Kristin Goddard,Edwin Lewis,Pat Ross&Nicola P. Klein, Yale University, Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA, Regional Perinatal Service Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Santa Clara, CA, USA, You can also search for this author in Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged. The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. CDC graphs show in detail the protection vaccines gave from hospitalization. J. Med. Department of Health and Human Services. Polack, F. P. et al. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. The study provides evidence that a previous omicron infection in triple-vaccinated individuals provides high amounts of protection against BA.5 and BA.2 infections. Carlsen, E. O. et al. The state has administered 3.2 million vaccine doses since Dec. 1 alone, but lagging rates between full vaccination and first doses for adults especially (82.6% vs. 95%) are becoming a point of . All authors (O.Z., B.F., N.P.K., T.R., M.G., E.L., P.R., K.G., S.O., and E.L.) critically reviewed the manuscript and decided to proceed with publication. KPNC has a comprehensive electronic health record system (Kaiser Permanente HealthConnect, a customized EPIC system), that captures detailed information on all medical services, including immunization, membership enrollment including place of residence, demographics, and pregnancy-related care from pregnancy onset to delivery, and beyond. 2022 The Authors. **** ICU admission and IMV are not mutually exclusive categories, and patients could have received both. As of December 25, the rate among unvaccinated people was 78 per 100,000, compared to 4 per 100,000 among fully vaccinated people, the CDC reported. provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. For infants, we included age, as a categorical time-changing variable in 30-day increments. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. VE against hospitalization was not estimated because of the very small number of hospitalized cases. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. Wkly. In the US, as of the end of September 2022, almost 15 million children ages <18 years have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black adults increased more than rates in other racial/ethnic groups. Rep. 70, 895899 (2021). Data about boosters was only available for those over 50. Three recent epidemiological studies found that vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during their first 4 months of life and a reduced risk of hospitalization during the first 5 months of life17,18,19. O.Z. This case-positive, control-test-negative design also referred to as the test-negative design (TND) has often been used in studies of vaccine effectiveness. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of #FridayNight | #FridayNight | By Citizen TV Kenya | Facebook | Good SARS-CoV-2 delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness. But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. 552a; 44 U.S.C. Fully-vaccinated in this chart meant one dose of the J&J vaccine or two doses of Pfizer or Moderna. No other exclusion criteria were applied. A continuity correction has been applied to the denominators by capping the percent population vaccination coverage at 95% by assuming that at least 5% of each age group would always be unvaccinated in each jurisdiction. J. Med. All adults should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Individual and neighborhood factors associated with failure to vaccinate against influenza during pregnancy. J. Med. Taken together, these findings suggest that the increased risk for hospitalization among Black adults during the Omicron-predominant period might also be due, in part, to lower proportions of Black adults receiving both the primary vaccination series and booster doses. Lipkind, H. S. et al. Finally, the COVID-NET catchment areas include approximately 10% of the U.S. population; thus, these findings might not be nationally generalizable. But the average . Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. 139, e20164091 (2017). Wkly. Mothers were classified as either having had 2 doses or one dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (and completed more than 14 days prior to delivery) or not having had any COVID-19 vaccines prior to delivery. China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during the Omicron period than during Delta. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. Med. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Kids and Omicron: COVID Hospitalizations Soar Among NY Children - NBC Health and Human Services. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. Mortal. During Omicron predominance, shortly after the Food and Drug Administration authorized COVID-19 vaccination for this age group, population-based hospitalization rates among unvaccinated children were twice as high as were those among vaccinated children. There were only one hospitalized case among the children of vaccinated mothers and nine hospitalized cases among the children of unvaccinated mothers (Table1). However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV South Africa omicron crisis: Cases, hospitalizations and - CNBC Partially vaccinated adults, and those who received a single dose of a 1-dose product <14 days before the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were not included in analyses by vaccination status but were included in rates and overall proportions that were not stratified by vaccination status. https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%209.29.22%20FINAL.pdf?_ga=2.255000394.335550773.1665001859-370326403.1636740765 (2022). A study from the U.K. government, published last week, found that three doses of vaccine. During the Omicron-predominant period, overall weekly adult hospitalization rates peaked at 38.4 per 100,000, exceeding the previous peak on January 9, 2021 (26.1) and the peak rate during the Delta-predominant period (15.5) (Figure 1). Data among adults over 50 showed that a booster shot gave even stronger protection. A WHO spokesman says China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. While this proportion might not be representative of the proportion of vaccinated pregnant women within KPNC because of our exclusion criteria, more efforts are needed to promote COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant persons because vaccination provides protection to mothers and their infants until they are old enough to receive their own COVID-19 vaccines. During the Delta dominant period, the crude incidences of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life were lower among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (0.75, 1.43, and 1.56 infants per 100 person-years [PY], respectively) than those whose mothers were not vaccinated during pregnancy (5.47, 5.10, and 4.78 infants per 100 PYs, respectively). All HTML versions of MMWR articles are generated from final proofs through an automated process. Adults whose vaccination status had not yet been verified using the immunization information system data were considered to have unknown vaccination status and were included in total proportions but not stratified by vaccination status. Maryland did not contribute data after December 4, 2021, but did contribute data for previous weeks. Dis. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, ** https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, On August 13, 2021, CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued the first of several recommendations for additional or booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine. adjudicated chart reviews. SARS-CoV-2 variant data update, England: Version 21. * Data are from a weighted sample of hospitalized nonpregnant adults with completed medical record abstractions and a discharge disposition. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. During the Omicron-predominant period, peak hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black (Black) adults were nearly four times the rate of non-Hispanic White (White) adults and was the highest rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. Over the entire study period, the crude rate of hospitalization with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants whose mothers received at least two doses . J. Although all data used in this analysis were anonymised, the individual-level nature of the data used risks individuals being identified, or being able to self-identify, if the data are released publicly. J. Med. Moline HL, Whitaker M, Deng L, et al. During the proxy omicron period, we found a vaccine effectiveness of 70% (95% confidence interval . Dis. M.G. Other studies found similarly decreased proportions of severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during this period (6).. "The high hospitalization rates in unvaccinated compared with vaccinated persons with and without a booster dose underscores the importance of COVID-19 vaccinations in preventing hospitalizations and suggests that increasing vaccination coverage, including booster dose coverage, can prevent hospitalizations, serious illness, and death," the researchers wrote. The vaccines have proved highly safe and effective at reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death. 40, e137e145 (2021). With wave after wave of SARS-CoV-2 variants, COVID-19 patients filled the worlds' hospitals and morgues because not everybody had access to vaccines or were willing to be vaccinated. We were not able to evaluate more detailed measures of relative clinical severity in hospitalised patients (such as intensive care unit admittance), but our finding that estimated severity reductions comparing omicron with delta are larger for more severe endpoints (death and hospital admission versus hospital attendance) agrees with observations that the proportion of hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation (or both) has been substantially lower during the omicron wave in England than the preceding delta wave. After adjusting for covariates, vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93) during the first 2 months of life, 62% (95% CI: 39, 77) during the first 4 months of life and 56% (95% CI: 34,71) during the first 6 months of life. Wkly Rep. 71, 352358 (2022). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:466473. Data analysis shows omicron variant less severe, better at evading vaccines Marks, K. J. et al. Among the infants in the cohort, 19,418 (64.06%) of the mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy, 1138 (3.75%) of the mothers received one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 9755 (32.18%) received 2 doses during pregnancy (Table1). IMV status was missing in 1.4% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are otherwise included elsewhere in the analysis. Proportions between the pre-Delta and Delta period were compared using chi-square tests; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant, adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction method. "The association between the QCovid risk groups and the risk of death were stronger in people who had received a booster and were infected by the Omicron variant compared with evidence from the Alpha and Delta period in doubly vaccinated individuals," the authors wrote. However, these Omicron impacts have been mostly observed in countries with high vaccination rates in the Region: the comparatively lower rate of hospitalizations and deaths so far is in large part thanks to vaccination, particularly of vulnerable groups. Data requests may be sent to Kaiser Permanente Division of Research: DOR.IRB.Submissions@kp.org. The mean age at pregnancy onset was 31.62 years (standard deviation of 4.66 years). mmwrq@cdc.gov. KPNC members are similar to the broad catchment population in Northern California in terms of sociodemographic characteristics34. Wkly. PubMed Omicron is super infectious, and about 20% of people in the United States over the age of 5 as well as all children under 5 remain unvaccinated. A free-text field for other types of residences was examined; patients with an LTCF-type residence were also categorized as LTCF residents. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2022. Our additional supplemental analysis suggests that pregnant persons who received at least one vaccine dose before pregnancy should complete their vaccination series during pregnancy to provide protection to their children during the first 6 months of life. Open 5, e2233273 (2022). Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children.