You are already subscribed to our newsletter! 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Unity of the country: 3.3 3. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. |4-Iv Resource control: 3.7 7. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. %PDF-1.5 Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. endobj Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. 6 0 obj It also decided that the Public . We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. /F1 6 0 R Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. welcome, and thanks for reading us. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. 2. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. Excellent, thanks a lot f Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation << Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. History of federal system of government in nigeria. stream The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. /BitsPerComponent 8 Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. /Length 3884 Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Historical experience 3.2 2. 7. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? stream Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . ff>qsfN? 3 0 obj The chief architect of this theory is Riker. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. We appreciate you. Required fields are marked *. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? << 1. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], 2023, Bscholarly LLC. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. (eds. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . /Parent 2 0 R To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? % From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. What is federalism? By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. 3. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government.